Lusa - Business News - Portugal: Desertification threatens 94% of Baixo Alentejo region - research

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Lusa - Business News - Portugal: Desertification threatens 94% of Baixo Alentejo region - research

Beja, Portugal, March,17,2023 (Lusa) - Around 94% of Portugal's Baixo Alentejo region "is susceptible to desertification" due to climate change and intensive use of the soil, according to a study presented today in Beja, the area's main city, by Lisbon's New University.
"We arrived at this result through a system of indicators that takes into account a series of parameters, such as soil quality, climate and vegetation," Maria José Roxo, one of the study's authors, explained to Lusa.
According to the research, "around 94% of the NUTS [Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics] Baixo Alentejo is susceptible to desertification" and the area around the town of Mértola "even registers 96% susceptibility to this phenomenon."
The study was carried out by a team from the university's Faculty of Social and Human Sciences (NOVA FCSH).
The researchers also found that in the Baixo Alentejo NUTS - a subdivision used for European Union statistical and policy purposes that covers 13 of the 14 municipalities of Portugal's Beja district (the exception being Odemira) - 38% of the territory has "critical susceptibility to desertification, 35% very high and 21% high."
According to Roxo, the Baixo Alentejo has in recent years seen "a very big dynamic of soil modifications, with intensive and superintensive cultures or, in the councils of Mértola and Serpa, the introduction of cattle."
The NOVA FCSH researcher also explained that the region's susceptibility to desertification has to do, on one hand, with the climate change of recent years, with "much higher temperatures and more intense rains, which provoke soil erosion," and on the other with methods used in agricultural production, where "things are not being done properly" in many areas.
"I'm not against olive groves, almond trees or other intensive crops, but you have to know how to do it," she warned, highlighting "problems of soil dehydration inherited from the cereal campaigns of the New State" pre-1974 dictatorship that are to some extent being repeated: "What we are doing now is to place the territory in monoculture and this is again a mistake."
Roxo cited "two crucial measures" to mitigate these problems: "One of them has to do with the need to conserve soils and water, in order to have greater resilience to droughts and aridity [which can be done] with very well known techniques, such as direct seeding, ploughing in contour lines, or leaving, in intensive crops, lawns between rows of trees."
In addition, she said, changes are needed in the EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which arrives in Portugal "very formatted in relation to Northern Europe and the characteristics of other countries.
"The CAP has to take into account our [Portugal's] specificities and so politicians have to come more into the field," she concluded.
The study by NOVA FCSH was unveiled on Friday in Cabeça Gorda, in the municipality of Beja, at a session to present the REA Alentejo project, which aims to "create a replicable model that allows the restoration of agricultural and forest productivity in semi-arid areas of southeastern Portugal."
The initiative is overseen by the Mértola Heritage Protection Association (ADPM), in partnership with several academic, government and local organisations.

CYMP/ARO // ARO.
Lusa

Agency : LUSA
Date : 2023-03-18 11:31:00

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